An effective teacher or family child care provider chooses a strategy to fit a particular situation. It’s important to consider what the children already know and can do and the learning goals for the specific situation. By remaining flexible and observant, we can determine which strategy may be most effective. Often, if one strategy doesn’t work, another will.
- Acknowledgewhat children do or say. Let children know that we have noticed by giving positive attention, sometimes through comments, sometimes through just sitting nearby and observing. (“Thanks foryour help, Kavi.” “You found another way to show 5.”)
- Encouragepersistence and effort rather than just praising and evaluating what the child has done. (“You’re thinking of lots of words to describethe dog in the story. Let’s keep going!”)
- Give specific feedbackrather than general comments. (“The beanbag didn’t get all the way to the hoop, James, so you might try throwing it harder.”)
- Modelattitudes, ways of approaching problems, and behavior toward others, showing children rather than just telling them (“Hmm, thatdidn’t work and I need to think about why.” “I’m sorry, Ben, I missed part ofwhat you said. Please tell me again.”)
- Demonstratethe correct way to do something. This usually involves a procedure that needs to be done in a certain way (such as using a wire whisk or writing the letterP).
- Create or add challengeso that a task goes a bit beyond what the children can already do. For example, you lay out a collection of chips, count them together and then ask a small group of children to tell you how many are left after they see you removing some of the chips. The children count the remaining chips to help come up with the answer. To add a challenge, you could hide the chips after you remove some, and the children will have to use a strategy other than counting the remaining chips to come up with the answer. Toreduce challenge, you could simplify the task by guiding the children to touch each chip once as they count the remaining chips.
- Ask questionsthat provoke children’s thinking. (“If you couldn’t talk to your partner, how else could you let him know what to do?”)
- Give assistance(such as a cue or hint) to help children work on the edge of their current competence (“Can you think of a word that rhymes withyour name, Matt? How aboutbat . . . Matt/bat? What else rhymes withMattandbat?”)
- Provide information, directly giving children facts, verbal labels, and other information. (“This one that looks like a big mouse with a short tailis called a vole.”)
- Give directionsfor children’s action or behavior. (“Touch each block only once as you count them.” “You want to move that icon over here? Okay, click on it and hold down, then drag it to wherever you want.”)
DAP Resources
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DAP Position Statement
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Which DAP Resource Is for Me?
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3 Core Considerations of DAP
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